Seeking to examine the consequences of the phenomenon of immigration and refugee of Soviet citizens to Iran in the years after the 1296 ASH./1917 AD. Revolution, the present article, has studied the story of Georges Azrilenko's refuge (1300-1301 ASH./1921-1922 AD.). In the complex context of the historical period in question, which was shaped by the conclusion of the 1299 ASH./1921 AD., treaty between Iran and Soviet Russia, internal conflicts, and the competition of extra-regional powers, especially Britain and Soviet Russia, this event quickly acquired political and diplomatic dimensions. The request for Azrilenko’s extradition by the Soviet Russian representative and the support of the French embassy for him clearly turned refuge into an arena for international pressure and bargaining. The Iranian government’s response to this crisis was indicative of structural weaknesses and governance challenges that were attempted to be compensated for through individual initiatives by politicians such as Ahmad Qavam and Mohammad Sa’ed. By examining the Azrilenko affair, this study emphasizes the importance of examining small events for better understanding the transnational dimensions and complexities of Iran’s foreign relations in the transition period after World War I.