The establishment of modern-style schools in Qajar Iran, particularly during the second half of the dynasty, yielded significant outcomes and transformations for Iranian society. The School of Political Science was one such institution, founded in the years leading up to the Constitutional Revolution. This article, employing a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the following primary question: What roles did the School of Political Science play in Iranian society from its establishment in 1278 SH until its merger with the Higher School of Law and the Higher School of Commerce in 1306 SH? While this school was initially founded to meet the needs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it subsequently contributed to other significant aspects of Iranian society. The findings of this study indicate that the school's most important roles and achievements for Iranian society were: training skilled individuals knowledgeable in modern sciences, reorganizing the chaotic and traditional structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, establishing and expanding higher education and specialized studies in the country, and influencing Iran's political structure by contributing to the formation and subsequent victory of the Constitutional Revolution.